THE HEART UG

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. What are the different types of Ischemic heart diseases? Describe the etiology, pathology, ;aboratory diagnosis and complications of myocardial infarction (SVIMS, May 2024)
2. A 55 years male was brought to the emergency room unconscious with history of chest pain. On examination he was dyspneic, pulse and blood pressure was low. ECG showed ST segment elevation
a. What was the provisional diagnosis and why
b. Discuss the sequential events in this condition
c. Describe microscopic picture of the myocardium in the above condition
d. List the immediate and its late complications
(Answer: myocardial infarction)       (YSR UHS Jan 2024)
A 55 year old male patient presented with retrosternal pain radiating to left arm, dyspnoea and sweatingof sudden onset. Patient is a known smoker for the last 20 years
a. What is the provisional diagnosis
b. Write in detail about the morphological changes of the organ involved
c. Write the biochemical markers indicative of this condition
d. Mention the complications of the disease
(Answer: Myocardial infarction )                                                                               (RGUHS Feb 2023)
1. A 8 year old boy was brought to clinic by his mother with complaints of shifting joint pain  and swelling involving knee joint, elbow joint etc. and fever since 3 days. On enquiry it was found that the child had an attack of sore throat based on this information
           a. What is your diagnosis
           b. Enlist the organs which may get affected
           c. What is the pathogenesis of this disease
           d. Enlist the causes of death in this condition                                               (NTRUHS, Feb 2022)
2. 58 years male, chronic smoker. complains of retrosternal chest pain associated with sweating. Pain was radiating to along the ulnar border of left hand. What is your diagnosis? Discuss etiopathogenesis, pathology and complications of disease.
(Answer: Myocardial infarction )                                                                                   (SVIMS, Oct 2021)

 

3. 70 year male presented with dyspnea and sweating of sudden onset. He is known hypertensive and diabetic for 15 years. On examination he has weak pulse
 a. What is the diagnosis
b. Write about pathogenesis of the above disorder
c. Write in detail about the morphological changes that occur
d. Write its complication
(Answer: Myocardial infarction )                                             (NTRUHS, March 2021)

 

2. A 59 year old man was admitted with history of chest pain of half an hour duration. Pain was in the precordial area with radiation in the left arm. Pain was severe in nature and was accompained by vomitting. ECG showed ST segment elevation with T wave inversion.
              a. what is the most likely diagnosis
              b. What biochemical investigations are useful in such a case
              c. What complications can occur
              d. What are the predisposing factors of this disease       
(Answer: Myocardial infarction )  (NTRUHS July 2017, January 2016) 
3. 45 year old man was rushed to the hospital following sudden onset of an episode of crushing  substernal chest pain. He received advanced life support measures. His course was marked by intractable cardiogenic shock and he died 4 days later. At autopsy, a large transmural anterolateral area of coagulative necrosis was found in the anterolateral wall of left ventricle.
                  a.       What is your diagnosis?
                  b.      What microscopic findings are most likely to be present in this area?
                  c.       What are the risk factors leading to this condition?
                  d.      What are the complications of this disease?           
(Answer: Myocardial infarction )                               (NTRUHS June 2013)

 

3. An adult male patient having coarctation of the aorta and periodontal infection with history of vigorous brushing of teeth came to the hospital with fever and anemia. On examination there are crops of petechiae over the skin, subungal hemorrhages, small tender cutaneous nodules, pain in the splenic region and retinal hemorrhages. Urine examination showed hematuria
              a. What is the probable diagnosis
              b.Describe the aetiopathogenesis and morphology of lesions in various organs involved
              c. Mention the complications
(ANswer: Infective endocarditis)                                  (NTRUHS  March 2010)
3.       A 12 year old boy presented with fever, migrating joint pain and palpitation. Child had an upper respiratory infection 3 weeks back. On examination a subcutaneous nodule was observed on the extensor aspect of right elbow. On auscultation heart sounds were weak with tachypnea
                  a.       What is your diagnosis
                  b.      Describe the morphological features expected in the organ involved
                  c.       Add a note on its aetiopathogenesis
(Answer : Rheumatic heart disease )                           (RGUHS, July 2008)
4.      Write about the etiopathogenesis and pathology of myocardial infarction with diagnostic tests  (RGUHS Jun 2012)
5.       Discuss etiopathologenesis, morphology and complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease.           (RGUHS Jun 2010)
6.      A child aged 10 years presented with history of fever, sore throat, migratory polyarthritis and subcutaneous nodules
                  a.       What is your probable diagnosis
                  b.      Discuss the etiopathogenesis and pathology of the target organ
 (Answer : Rheumatic heart disease )                               (RGUHS Dec 2010)
SHORT QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
  1. Enzymatic changes in acute myocardial infarction (YSRUHS, April 2024)
  2. Valvular vegetations (MU Pondicherry, Nov 2019)
  3. Light microscopic changes in the evolution of acute myocardial infarction in the first 14 days (NTRUHS Feb 2019) 
  4. Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (NTRUHS June 2013)
  5. Morphology of Myocardial infarction (NTRUHS Feb 2018)
  6. Valvular lesions in Rheumatic heart disease (NTRUHS Jan 2015)  
  7. Cardiac lesions in Acute rheumatic fever (NTRUHS January 2014)
  8.   Describe location & macroscopic appearance of vegetations in Bacterial endocarditis. Mention extracardiac complications of Bacterial endocarditis. (NTRUHS Jan 2013)
  9. Discuss consequences and complications of myocardial infarction (NTRUHS Dec 2013)
  10. Aschoff nodules/ bodies (NTRUHS July 2012, April 2009, April 2005, May 2004, RGUHS Jan 2008,Jun 2009)
  11. Describe various types of vegetations in Endocarditis (RGUHS Dec 2011)
  12. Microscopic assessment of Myocardial infarction (RGUHS Jun 2010)
  13. Extracardiac manifestations of Rheumatic fever (RGUHS Jun 2010)
  14.  Pathology of cardiac vegetations (RGUHS Dec 2009)
  15. Four features and complications of tetralogy of fallot (RGUHS July 2008)
  16. Bacterial endocarditis (NTRUHS April 2008)
  17. Pathogenesis of essential hypertension
  18. Myocardial infarction (NTRUHS Sep 2003)
  19. Infective Endocarditis (NTRUHS Dec 2012)
  20. Atrial Septal Defect (NTRUHS Dec 2012)
  21. Etiopathogenesis of Rheumatic heart disease (RGUHS Dec 2009)
  22. Etiopathogenesis of Infective Endocarditis (RGUHS Jan 2009)
  23.  Morphology of heart in acute rheumatic heart disease (RGUHS Jan 2009,Dec 2013)
  24. Gross assessment of age of myocardial infarct (RGUHS Jul 2008)
VERY SHORT QUESTIONS
1.  Mention four complications of Bacterial endocarditis (NTRUHS Feb 2020, July 2017)
2.  Mention four complications of myocardial infarction (NTRUHS Feb 2017)
3.  Enzyme markers for myocardial infarction (RGUHS Jan 2008)
4.  List lesions of rheumatic valvulitis (RGUHS Jan 2008)
5.  Microscopy of Aschoff body (RGUHS Jun 2011,2012)
6.  Intramural cardiac thrombi (RGUHS Jun 2010) 
7.  Patent Ductus Arteriosus (RGUHS Jun 2009)
8.  Laboratory diagnosis of myocardial infarction (RGUHS Dec 2009)
9.  Brown atrophy of the heart (RGUHS Jan 2009)
10. Myxoma (RGUHS Jun 2008)
11. Libman-sacks endocarditis (RGUHS Jul 2008)
12.Various types of cardiomyopathies (RGUHS Jan 2008)
13.Complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RGUHS Dec 2013)