Hepatocellular – etiological factors.

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

• Established factors : Four major etiological factors are –

  • Chronic viral infection (HBV, HCV)

  • Chronic alcoholism

  • Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

  • Food contaminants (Primarily aflatoxins produced by fungi Aspergillus flavus)

• Associated factors : 

  • Macronodular post-necrotic cirrhosis

  • Tyrosinemia

  • Glycogen storage disease

  • Hereditary hemochromatosis

  • Alpha 1- anitrypsin deficiency

  • Chemical carcinogens – Nitrosamines (food additives)

  • Tobacco smoking

  • Parasitic infestations such as Clonorchiasis and Schistosomiasis

• Other risk factors : Genetic factors, age, gender, hormones and nutrition.

By
Dr.B.Chaitanya (Consultant Pathologist, RDT hospital, Anantapur) (bchaitanya.med@gmail.com)